初级Beginner可打印Printable
0与1，开与关
0 and 1, On and Off
只能传“是”和“否”，怎么把一句话传过去？从比特、字节一直到一个会学习的神经元。
If you can only send yes or no, how do you send a sentence? From bits and bytes all the way to a neuron that learns.
想象你和好朋友被分开了，中间只有一条细细的管道，只能传递“是”和“否”。你怎么把一段话发给他？
Imagine you and your best friend are kept apart. Between you there is only a thin pipe, and it can only carry “yes” or “no”. How do you send your friend a message?
孩子做什么What kids do
- 头脑风暴：两边先约定一张“密码表”。8 个 0 和 1 是一个字节：01000001 = 65 = A。Brainstorm: agree on a code table first. Eight 0s and 1s make a byte: 01000001 = 65 = A.
- 猜数字：我想一个 1–10 的数，你只能问是否问题，最少几次一定能猜到？1–1000 呢？Guess my number: I pick a number from 1 to 10 and you may only ask yes/no questions. What is the fewest you always need? And for 1 to 1000?
- 猜水果：香蕉、苹果、葡萄、西瓜，不许问名字，只问是否问题。谁的问题更“值钱”？Guess my fruit: banana, apple, grapes or watermelon. No fruit names, only yes/no questions. Whose question is worth more?
- 人物猜谜：你想一个人，大家来猜。Guess the person: think of someone and let the class guess.
- Be a Neuron!：孩子当一个神经元，用加分和门槛学会认苹果，再看番茄怎么骗过它。Be a Neuron!: kids act as a neuron that learns to spot apples with points and a threshold, then see how a tomato fools it.
要点Key idea
每传一次“是/否”就是 1 个比特。每个好问题都把可能砍掉一半，所以 10 个问题就能从 1000 个数里找出一个（2¹⁰ = 1024）。
Each yes or no is one bit. A good question cuts the choices in half, so 10 questions can find one number out of 1000 (2¹⁰ = 1024).
和 AI 的关系Where AI comes in
神经元一次看所有线索，每条线索有自己的分数，加起来超过门槛就亮灯。1958 年 Rosenblatt 的感知机用的就是这条学习规则。
A neuron looks at all the clues at once. Each clue has its own points, and if the total passes a threshold, the light turns on. Rosenblatt’s perceptron (1958) learned with exactly this rule.
学习单Worksheets
学习单是英文的，打印出来给孩子；老师指南是中文的。
Worksheets are in English for the kids; the teacher’s guide is in Chinese.
下载学习单（PDF）Download worksheets (PDF)老师指南（PDF，中文）Teacher’s guide (PDF, Chinese)
视频与文章Videos and reading
- CS Unplugged: Guess my number 猜数字活动the guessing activity
- CS Unplugged: Binary Challenge 二进制点数卡binary dot cards
- How Computers Work: Binary & Data Code.org，6 分钟，适合孩子Code.org, 6 min, for kids
- Crash Course CS #4: Representing Numbers and Letters with Binary 11 分钟，大孩子和老师11 min, older kids and teachers
- 3Blue1Brown: Solving Wordle using information theory 31 分钟，老师备课：一个问题值几个比特31 min, for teachers: how many bits a question is worth
- 3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? 19 分钟，老师备课：神经元、权重、门槛19 min, for teachers: neurons, weights, thresholds
- Wikipedia: Akinator 会从玩家身上学习的人物猜谜a person-guessing game that learns from its players